Abstract Background Mitochondrial introgression may result in the mitochondrial genome of one species being replaced by that of another species without leaving any trace of past hybridization in its nuclear genome.Such introgression can confuse the species genealogy estimates and lead to absurd inferences of species history.We used a phylogenetic a
Retrograde vascularisation of fibula free flap in composite oro-mandibular reconstruction
We present a case of composite oromandibular reconstruction with fibula free flap in which the vascularity to the flap was established in a retrograde direction through the distal end Multifold Towels of the peroneal pedicle vessels.The flap was initially designed in such a way so as to anastomose with superior thyroid artery.However after initial
A Heuristic Optimal Discrete Bit Allocation Algorithm for Margin Maximization in copyright Systems
A heuristic optimal discrete bit allocation algorithm is proposed for solving the margin maximization problem in discrete multitone (copyright) systems.Starting from an initial equal power assignment bit distribution, the proposed algorithm employs a multistaged bit rate allocation scheme to meet the target rate.If the total bit rate is far from th
Distributed fair cooperative routing in multi-gates wireless mesh network
Existing cooperative routings cannot fairly allocate the wireless resources,which results in that the throughput of minimum flow cannot satisfy the performance requirement.The multiple flow cooperative Makeup Sponge routing problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem with the goal of maximizing network utility.Based on dual decomposition
Re-examination of the cranial osteology of the Arctic Alaskan hadrosaurine with implications for its taxonomic status.
Hadrosaurid fossils from the Liscomb Bonebed (Prince Creek Formation, North Slope, Alaska) were the first dinosaur bones discovered from the Arctic.While the Prince Creek Formation hadrosaurids were long identified as Edmontosaurus, a member of the sub-clade Hadrosaurinae, they were recently assigned to a newly-erected taxon, Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensi